In addition to the conventional design standards and codes; The New Zealand recommendations [195], AWWA D100 [6] and API 650 Standards [7], the seismic design of cylindrical tanks was discussed by many investigators. URS Consultants [274] provided seismic verification of nuclear plant liquid storage tanks. Scharf et al [243] proposed rules for the design of unanchored liquid storage tanks. They described the present code as insufficient for the earthquake resistance design. Adams [3] developed a set of design rules that permit assessments to large liquid storage tanks. These rules have proposed to form an Appendix to the new British Standard BS7777. Kelly et al [138] examined conceptual methods and design issues of installing seismic isolators beneath liquid storage tanks. The performance of isolated tanks was then assessed with the use of two case studies. Tedesco [267] summarized the results of a comprehensive analytical investigation concerning the seismic analysis of ground supported circular cylindrical liquid storage tanks subject to a horizontal component of an earthquake ground motion. A procedure to evaluate the dynamic seismic response of a wide range of cylindrical liquid storage tanks was developed and incorporated into a BASIC computer program.
Shimizu ([252], [253], [254]) presented methods for seismic design of liquid storage tanks which account for the soil effect. In a following work [251], he presented a review of seismic studies and design of cylindrical liquid storage tanks. Sone and Suzuki [259] presented a calculation method from the viewpoint of the aseismic design convenience for liquid storage tanks and various piping systems established in industrial facilities such as petrochemical plant complexes. Utilizing the results obtained in the previous studies, he prepared a numerical diagram for various system parameters. Hashimoto et al [80] evaluated the seismic capacity of tanks against the potential failure modes of such tanks. Melerski [179] developed a simple method to analyze axisymmetric cylindrical liquid storage tanks. He further implemented the analysis into a computer program [178]. Veletsos [280] developed guidelines for designing of liquid storage tanks. Liu et al [155] presented a development and survey of some of the available analysis methods at that time.